🦴 Tibia

Brian Lee

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Illustrations

Muscle Origins

By Bony Landmarks

• Lateral condyle & proximal lateral tibial shaft:
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus (also from proximal fibula)
• Soleal line (posterior proximal tibia):
  • Soleus
• Posterior surface, inferior to soleal line (middle third):
  • Flexor digitorum longus
• Posterior surface & interosseous membrane (distal two‑thirds):
  • Tibialis posterior

Muscle Insertions

By Bony Landmarks

• Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament):
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
• Pes anserinus (anteromedial proximal tibia, distal to medial condyle):
  • Gracilis
  • Semitendinosus
• Medial condyle / posterior medial tibia:
  • Semimembranosus
• Lateral condyle / posterior lateral tibia:
  • Popliteus
• Shaft (anteromedial surface, distal third):
  • Tibialis anterior (note: inserts distally on medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal)

Notes

No other major muscles insert directly on the tibia itself.
The tibialis posterior and soleus originate on the posterior surface of the tibia (and fibula/interosseous membrane) but insert primarily on the tarsal bones rather than the tibia.

References

• Tibia (Wikipedia)
• Richer, plate 27