Brian Lee
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| Movement | Plane of Movement | Axis of Rotation | Axis Orientation | Example Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion / Extension | Sagittal | Mediolateral (frontal) axis | Runs side‑to‑side | Raising arm forward / lowering behind |
| Abduction / Adduction | Frontal (Coronal) | Anteroposterior (sagittal) axis | Runs front‑to‑back | Lifting arm out to side / lowering down |
| Internal / External Rotation | Transverse (Horizontal) | Longitudinal (vertical) axis | Runs top‑to‑bottom | Rotating arm inward toward body / outward |
| Horizontal Adduction / Abduction | Transverse (Horizontal) | Longitudinal (vertical) axis | Runs top‑to‑bottom | Moving arm across chest / back |