The rounded, proximal articular surface that fits into the
glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the glenohumeral
(shoulder) joint.
Anatomical Neck
The slight constriction immediately distal to the head,
marking the site of the epiphyseal plate in development and
serving as the attachment for the joint capsule.
Surgical Neck
The narrower region distal to the tubercles; a common
fracture site.
Greater Tubercle
A large, lateral projection just distal to the head that
provides attachment for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and
teres minor muscles.
Radial (Spiral) Groove
A shallow groove running obliquely down the posterior shaft,
transmitting the radial nerve and deep brachial artery.
Nutrient (Oblique) Foramen
A small opening on the anteromedial shaft that allows
nutrient vessels to enter the bone.
Medial Epicondyle
A prominent projection on the distal medial side, providing
origin for the common flexor tendon (flexor-pronator muscles)
and attachment of the ulnar collateral ligament of the
elbow.
Lateral Epicondyle
A smaller lateral projection that gives origin to the common
extensor tendon (extensor-supinator muscles) and attachment for
the radial collateral ligament.
Capitulum
A rounded eminence on the anterior, distal lateral humerus
that articulates with the head of the radius.
Trochlea
A spool-shaped medial projection on the anterior distal
humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the
ulna.
